Prosocial Skills

The Role of Nature and Nature in Development Prosocial skills among growing children are vital. These are skills that involve sharing and cooperation and they normally develop through three stages. First, children must decide whether to help if they can or not, at any given time and this phase is referred to as the recognition step.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Prosocial Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, it is upon the siblings to decide whether they are ready to help or not. Thirdly, the children then act by selecting and performing a behaviour that they deem appropriate at a given situation. Essentially, this could be by way of helping or not doing so and this is according to Olson and Spelke (2007). To them, cooperation among humans is one of the central themes which concerns social and biological sciences. In explaining the development of cooperation, scientists use economic game and e volutionary models, as well as studying the cultures of different people. Cooperation essentially entails acting in close relations, rewarding others whose actions have benefitted others, and rewarding people who show generosity. These three qualities are shown by adults. On the other hand, children do not exhibit all these qualities. Children start exhibiting pre-social behaviours while in their second year of life. Such behaviours include sharing toys with others and cooperating with them in performing certain activities. For instance, it is said that children are more likely to share with their parents compared to adults. Additionally, there is a high tendency of attentiveness among children when it comes to friendship relations. Children do learn the act of giving from their parents and friends. This is done through observation thus learning reciprocity as well as close relations (Fehr Fischbacher, 2004). An experiment can be undertaken to investigate how children judge sharing with family members, strangers and friends. The child is given seven dolls which are described as sisters, friends and strangers. The child is then given resources to share with these seven dolls. These resources include stickers, candy bars, miniature plastic bananas, bottles, paint sets, hard candies, rubber ducks, plastic oranges and seashells.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this experiment, it can be determined how children share out resources among friends, strangers and family members. The way the child will share these resources will show if they are in any way likely to favour their friends or close family members when it comes to sharing. In children, for them to develop and learn, there are various factors which influence the whole process. However, it is said that children are some of the active learners. As such, they have the capacity to draw on direct physic al, as well as social experiences and knowledge transmitted through culture. This helps them in constructing a clear understanding of the world they live in. Additionally, through the interaction of biological maturation, as well as their immediate environment, children are able to learn and develop. An important aspect in the development of children is play. Through play, children develop emotional, social and cognitive skills. Nevertheless, development and learning among children occurs only under certain circumstances. This occurs when children are safe and feel valued, have their physical needs met, and have a feeling of psychological security. Consequently, Olson and Spelke (2007) argue that co-operation is vital among humans. More so, this co-operation can only be sustained through our daily experiences, as well as moral teachings. Their research shows that the three principles that form the basis of human cooperation exist and function well in young children. Moreover, it is these principles that act as a guideline in the judgement of children on how people share and distribute resources among individuals. However, children have developed their own new pattern of giving in their early stages of development. These patterns are mature and complex networks that depict cooperation among children.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Prosocial Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only limitation of these studies is that they do not show how such children would behave in case they were protagonists. In such a case, these children would probably behave in a way contrary to what we have seen from the experiments. References Fehr, E. Fischbacher, U. (2004). Social norms and human cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 185-190. Olson, K. R. and Spelke, E. S. (2007). Foundations of cooperation in young children. Cognition, 108, 222-231. This term paper on Prosocial Skills was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Advantages of large-corporation Essay Example

Advantages of large Advantages of large-corporation Essay Advantages of large-corporation Essay As the world has become more globalized, more Americans work for multinational organizations. Working for a global company provides some advantages to you relative to working for a domestic business, but it may also lead to some challenges. While each global company is different, it helps to weigh the pros and cons of a global culture before accepting a Job with a multinational enterprise. Career Opportunities Working for a larger company offers more Job opportunities. But a multinational ompany provides access to Jobs around the world, in many cases. A marketing professional may have the opportunity to transfer to positions in Europe, Asia or other locations where the company has offices. Certain Jobs are also available in an MNE that dont exist in domestic companies. Translators, international sales representatives and foreign division management positions are examples. Diversity Naturally, the level of appreciation you have for diversity impacts whether you view a diverse workforce as a plus or minus. But multinational environments typically give you a broader experience working with people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, especially if you travel or work with colleagues in different parts of the world. You get a chance to learn different cultures and different perspectives as you experience diversity over time. Organizational Culture Obstacles Organizational culture includes the shared norms and values in a company that impact the overall morale of the workforce. While global companies can certainly ave a positive culture, building shared values becomes much more challenging with a workforce spread across multiple countries. Peoples backgrounds often influence their values. The U. S. tends to have a strong time orientation, but Latin cultures often promote relationships and flexibility over time orientation. Such differences can create conflicts among workers and make it difficult for human resources to implement effective culture-building systems. Conflicts and Job Challenges Many employees in a global company have professional peers and even epartmental colleagues based in different countries. Marketing professionals might collaborate with peers in each country, for instance. This setup can increase the propensity for interpersonal and team conflicts. Conversations and collaboration often take place through technology, which can slow the pace of interaction and lead to contextual misunderstandings in communication. You might have to wait to get response or feedback on a global marketing campaign. advantages of large-corporation By kioto

Water birth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water birth - Research Paper Example re, improves the mother’s concentration, reduces stress hormones which inhibit oxytocin and the need for an epidural is reduced due to the increased release of hormonal endorphins which make contractions less painful. The perineum becomes more elastic, reducing tears, and the buoyancy created in the pool promotes more efficient contractions and allows greater freedom of movement. A study completed from March 2001 through April 2004 at a British birthing center evaluated a number of factors in a comparison study. The study aimed to differentiate between ‘pool users’ and ‘pool births,’ women who labored in the pool and those who actually remained in the pool to give birth. Factors evaluated included parity, deciding factors in laboring and delivery within the pool and the effectiveness of the warm water on pain relief. The study indicated that an equal amount of primigravidae and multigravidae women were interested in the pool and the outcome indicated that 89% of the women who used the pool received both verbal and written information from their midwives during their antenatal appointments and training classes. Pool births increased steadily from 2001-2003 while the number of pool users remained nearly the same. This suggests that the idea of being calm and relaxed appealed to birthing mothers who chose to remain in the pool during the actual birth. 98% insisted they would both recommend using the pool and would also use the pool again themselves. Reasons for leaving the pool were various and included slowing down contractions when immersion was completed too quickly. This prolonged labor and guidelines were then established to make sure that labor was in an active phase before entering the pool and the majority who decided not to remain the pool left once labor reached the transitional or second stage. Other main reasons for leaving the pool were a prolonged second stage of labor, fetal heart rate deceleration, meconium staining, poor contractions in

The Principles of Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Principles of Scientific Management - Essay Example However, the area of HRM is exceptionally complex and multilateral: there are many different theories and views on the nature, methods, and techniques of management described in the abundant organizational literature. Â  Since the emergence of organizational science in the late 19th - early 20th century, the scholars have been sharing two dominant views on organizational culture. Apologists of one paradigm led by Frederick Taylor and Harrington Emerson (School of Scientific Management) believed that organizational culture was just one of the tools to ensure greater control over employees. Representatives of another approach such as Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, and Douglas McGregor (Human relations school) postulated that organizational culture was supposed to develop and motivate the employees without excessively rigid control (Schultz & Shultz 2002). Although each of these major paradigms has contributed significantly to the development of contemporary HRM, they rely upon entirely different principles and assumptions. Â  The process of industrialization and sophistication of businesses that occurred during the last decade of the 19th century seriously changed the traditional managerial practices. Increasing the efficiency of labor became the key priority within the system of company-employee relationship. The concept of scientific management described by Frederick Taylor was the first systematic approach designed specifically to improve the labor efficiency of employees within the new system of work relationships (Taylor 1911). Taylor strongly believed that organizational culture was one of the most effective instruments to influence the employees and improve their performance and listed the most important elements of the ideal organizational culture. Â  Taylor believed that the most effective approach to managing human resources should not be different from the approach used to manage other elements of the production process. Consequently, the Taylorian model of management relied on the assumption that the average employee was lazy, ignorant, passive, and lacked the motivation to perform effectively.

Interim-report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interim-report - Essay Example Stereo vision came about also to solve the problems by generating 3D images of the original objects. A stereo vision can be yield from a stereo camera where the user of the stereo camera is able to compare different images obtained from the same scene using the camera (Buckingham, 2004). Different methods have been used to develop stereo cameras including the estimation of the perspective projection matrix which involves developing of equations for estimation. The original aim of the development of the project is to achieve a 3D effect on images through the use of an ordinary camera. Another effect would be merging the images that are multi viewed into a finer one. The effect would involve processing the images through the use of volumetric reconstruction procedures (Buckingham, 2004). The development is to bring the user of the camera to get an image which is stereoscopic through the ability of one being able to compare two or more views from the same scene where the images are taken. The 3D effect is attained when the person taking the image is able to distinguish the images using the eye or separation using a lenticular lens. The images that are maintained are then to be registered in 3D mesh model. Making of two images to be used in a stereo camera is the main objective of the project on the stereo camera. The process will also involve calibrating the stereo camera system using two standing cameras. The project will also do with getting the estimations, both external and internal parameters of the camera. The estimated parameters are also to be used in the making the camera produce the 3D effect (Buckingham, 2004). Having a sliding mounting device between two marked points can be done to minimize the effect of moving the camera to take the second picture after taking the first picture. This brings the problem of not being able to take moving objects. The development of the stereo camera will ensure minimizing this

Link Between Obesity and Lack of Sleep

Link Between Obesity and Lack of Sleep Zara J. Damania Abstract This study aims to investigate whether there is a bidirectional relationship between poor sleep quality, high body mass index (BMI) and disordered eating (binge-eating and night-time eating). Participants were a community-derived sample (N= 330) of people recruited through advertisements placed at the Australian National University (ANU) campus and a number of online platforms. An online questionnaire asked participants for their height, weight and recent experiences of sleep and eating. Multiple regression analyses found that: (a) worse overall sleep quality and binge-eating (but not night-time eating) were positively associated with high BMI accounting for a significant 8% of the variability in BMI; and (b) high BMI and night-time eating (but not binge-eating) were positively associated with worse overall sleep quality accounting for 35.6% of the variability in worse overall sleep quality. These results indicate that disordered eating (binge- and/or night-time eating) partially des cribe the association between poor sleep quality and high BMI. Future research could be conducted using objective- rather than self-reported- measures of sleep quality, BMI and eating behaviour to control for inaccuracies that self-reported measures might pose. The Bidirectional Association between High Body Mass Index, Poor Sleep Quality and Disordered Eating This paper investigates whether there is a bidirectional relationship between poor sleep quality, high body mass index and disordered eating. Current research corroborates the association between poor sleep quality and being overweight or obese. Sleep quality is a broad concept that includes: sleep duration, difficulty falling and/or staying asleep and the use of sleep medications (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman Kupfer, 1989; Krystal Edinger, 2008). This study makes use of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality. PSQI is an effective and widely used self-reported instrument that is high in reliability and validity, consisting of questions that are easy to understand and answer (Buysse et al., 1989; Smyth, 1999). PSQI measures subjective sleep quality in seven distinct areas, including: sleep latency and sleep duration (Krystal Edinger, 2008; Smyth, 1999). One of the key interests in this study is the association between PSQ and having a high body mass index (BMI); i.e., being overweight or obese. According to the World Health Organisation’s classification, a BMI of ≠¥25 indicates that a person is overweight and ≠¥30 indicates that a person is obese (World Health Organization, 2000). Empirical evidence corroborates an association between PSQ and having a high BMI (hBMI). For instance, longitudinal studies and studies on large mixed-race and socioeconomically diverse samples found that sleeping less than seven hours and having trouble falling and/or staying asleep was positively associated with hBMI (Gangwisch, Malaspina, Boden-Albala Heymsfield, 2005; Meyer, Wall, Larson, Laska Neumark-sztainer, 2012). Furthermore, empirical findings from cross-sectional studies with mixed-race samples indicate that: obese individuals experience shorter sleep durations compared to non-obese individuals; for every hour of sleep lost th e risk of obesity increased by 80%; and PSQ leads to decreases in physical activity which is consequently associated with hBMI (Cappuccio, et al., 2008; Gupta, Mueller, Chan Meininger, 2002) Very few studies that attempted to explain how PSQ is associated with hBMI found that sleep apnea might mediate this relationship (Yeh Brown, 2014). Sleep apnea refers to sleep disturbance due to continual interruptions to airflow through the nose and mouth on at least 30 occasions during a seven-hour sleep period (Guilleminault, Tilkian Dement, 1976). However, sleep apnea is relatively uncommon in the population (Tishler, Larkin, Schulchter Redline, 2003) while PSQ is more common (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman Kupfer, 1989). Therefore, it can be inferred that only a small proportion of hBMI individuals with PSQ suffer from sleep apnea and there might be other potential explanations for the association between PSQ and hBMI (Yeh Brown, 2014). Given that no other studies have attempted to further investigate factors that mediate the relationship between PSQ and hBMI, this study attempts to do so by investigating whether disordered eating mediates this relationship. Disordered eating includes both: binge eating and night-time eating. Binge eating (BE) refers to consuming unusually large amounts of food in a relatively short time-span and perceived lack of control over one’s eating behaviour (American Psychiatric Association, as cited in Johnson, Carr-Nangle, Nangle, Antony Zayfert, 1997). This study uses the Binge Eating Scale (BES) a questionnaire that measures whether and to what extent individuals binge eat by inquiring about their eating behaviours and tendencies (Gormally, Black, Daston Rardin, 1982). Whereas, night-time eating (NTE) refers to consuming >25% of one’s caloric intake after dinner and/or after waking up at night, at least twice a week (Allison et al., 2010; Stunkard, GraceWolff). This stud y uses the Night-time Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) to identify whether and the frequency of which participants engage in NTE behaviour (Striegel-Moore, Franko Garcia, 2009). Yeh and Brown (2014) suggest that difficulty falling asleep and shorter sleep durations provide hBMI individuals with more time to eat, consequently leading to weight gain over time. This is in accordance with Andersen, Stunkard, Sorenson, Peterson and Heitmann (2004) and Crispim, Zimberg, dos Reis, Tufik and de Mello (2011) who respectively found that NTE was associated with both PSQ and weight gain in hBMI individuals. Similarly, empirical research has indicated that BE is associated with PSQ and hBMI in obese individuals (Yeh Brown, 2014). In light of both: the lack of research investigating potential mediators of the association between PSQ and hBMI and research indicating that disordered eating is associated with PSQ and hBMI, the present study aimed to determine whether disordered eating (NTE and BE) mediates the relationship between PSQ and hBMI. The hypotheses of this study were: (1) Poor sleep quality and disordered eating will be associated with high BMI; and, (2) High BMI and disordered eating will be associated with higher scores of poor sleep quality. Method Participants Participants were recruited through advertisements placed at the Australian National University (ANU) campus and a number of online platforms. Study inclusion criteria were: being ≠¥ 18 years old and a BMI of 18.5 (normal weight) or more. 678 participants opted to participate in this study; however data from only 330 participants were used because the remaining 348 did not meet the study inclusion criteria or did not complete the study. Of the 330 participants, 107 (32.4%) were males, 223 (67.6%) were females, the ages ranged from 18-87 years and the mean age was 27.42 years (SD=10.36). Procedure Participants accessed the study by clicking on an embedded URL in the advertisement. If they met the study criteria and consented to participate, they responded to an online questionnaire inquiring about: their recent experiences of sleep and eating and height and weight, to calculate their BMI. SPSS statistical software (version 22) was used to perform all statistical analyses. Two standard multiple regression analyses were performed to test the two hypotheses. Materials Demographics including education level were collected. BMI was calculated by computing participants’ weight (in kilograms) over their height (in meters); with a BMI of ≠¥25 indicating overweightness and ≠¥30 indicating obesity. Next, the PSQI assessed seven subjective domains of sleep. An overall PSQI score (ranging from 0 to 21) of >5 indicated moderate to severe sleep difficulties. Overall sleep score has high internal consistency reliability with a Cronbachs ÃŽ ± of .83 (Smith Wegener, 2003). Thirdly, BE was measured using the BES; which consists of 16-items reflecting behaviours and feelings related to eating. An overall BES score (ranging from 0 to 46) of >27 indicated binge-eating and a higher overall score indicated worse binge eating. In this study, BES had high internal consistency with a Cronbachs ÃŽ ± of .92. Finally, NTE was measured using NEQ which consists of 15 questions. An overall NEQ score (ranging from 0 to 52) of >25 indicated NTE behaviour. In t his study, the NEQ showed sufficient internal consistency with a Cronbachs alpha of .73. Results A number of outliers were detected for each of the variables; however, none of these were excluded because they represented clinically relevant cases. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics of overall sleep quality, BMI, BE and NTE were found to be non-significant (i.e., p); which means that these key variables were normally distributed. Two multiple regression analyses (MRA) were conducted to investigate whether: (a) PSQ and disordered eating (BE and NTE) were associated with high BMI; and (b) whether high BMI and disordered eating (BE and NTE) were associated with higher scores of PSQ. Means and standard deviations of the key variables are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Means and Standard Deviations of Key Study Variables The first MRA found that overall PSQ and BE (but not NTE) were positively associated with high BMI (the dependent variable) accounting for a significant 8% of the variability in BMI, R2 =.080, adjusted R2=.071, F (3,326) = 9.40, p=.000. Examination of the beta weights suggested that BE was the strongest unique contributor to high BMI (see Table 2).Unstandardized (B) and standardized (ÃŽ ²) regression coefficients for each predictor in the regression model are provided in Table 2. Table 2 Unstandardized (B) and Standardized (ÃŽ ²) Regression Coefficients for each Predictor in a Regression Model Predicting high BMI *p The second MRA found that high BMI and NTE (but not BE) were positively associated with overall PSQ (the dependent variable) accounting for 35.6% of the variability in overall PSQ, R2 =.356, adjusted R2=.350, F (3,326) = 59.99, p=.000. Unstandardized (B) and standardized (ÃŽ ²) regression coefficients for each predictor in the regression model are provided (see Table 3). Table 3 Unstandardized (B) and Standardized (ÃŽ ²) Regression Coefficients for each Predictor in a Regression Model Predicting Worse Overall Sleep Quality Night-eating .032 .090* *p Discussion This study aimed to determine whether disordered eating (NTE and BE) explains the relationship between PSQ and hBMI. The first hypothesis was mostly supported by the results which indicated that PSQ and BE (but not NTE) were positively associated with hBMI. The second hypothesis was also mostly supported by the results which indicated that hBMI and NTE (but not BE) were positively associated with PSQ. First, the finding that: there is a bidirectional relationship between hBMI and PSQ is in accordance with empirical research findings and meta-analyses which found that: (a) sleeping less than seven hours, having trouble falling and/or staying asleep was positively associated with hBMI; (b) obese individuals experience shorter sleep durations compared to non-obese individuals; and (c) for every hour of sleep lost the risk of obesity increased by 80%; (Cappuccio, et al., 2008; Gangwisch, Malaspina, Boden-Albala Heymsfield, 2005; Gupta, Mueller, Chan Meininger, 2002). Second, the finding that: BE was associated with hBMI was in accordance with Yeh and Brown (2014) whose meta-analyses also found that BE was positively associated with hBMI. Third, the finding that NTE was associated with PSQ is consistent with those of Crispim, Zimberg, dos Reis, Tufik and de Mello (2011) who found that NTE was associated with PSQ. The findings that did not support the hypotheses of the study included: NTE is associated with high BMI and BE is associated with PSQ. These findings are inconsistent with those of Andersen, Stunkard, Sorenson, Peterson and Heitmann (2004) who found that NTE was associated with weight gain in individuals with hBMI and Yeh and Brown (2014) whose meta-analyses found that BE is associated with PSQ. Overall, these findings mostly corroborate empirical findings and theories which claim that: there is a bidirectional positive association between hBMI and PSQ, BE is positively associated with hBMI and NTE is positively associated with PSQ. However, it is possible that there are alternative explanations for the results of this study and /or potential confounds that might have influenced the results. The first limitation of the study is that the majority of the participants were females, well-educated and of a normal weight. Therefore, it is potentially difficult to generalize these findings to the mixed gendered populations, individuals with and less well-educated populations. Second, these findings are based on subjective self-reported measures of sleep quality, eating behaviour and BMI. This is potentially problematic because individuals might be inaccurate- due to not knowing the responses to particular questions or deliberately lying- in providing response. Lastly, internet acce ss was required to participate in this study; this is a limitation because it excludes individuals who cannot gain internet access easily and/or individuals who are not technologically knowledgeable. Overall, the results of this study implicate that individuals should strive to improve their eating and sleeping habits since they seem to affect each other and that NTE should be controlled because it is associated with PSQ. In light of the limitations of this study, future research could include: mixed-gender samples (with equal amounts of male and female patticipants), using paper-based questionnaires and using objective measures of BMI, sleep quality and eating behaviour rather than subjective/self-report methods. Incorporating these suggestions could provide findings that are: more easily generalizable to the general population and more accurate measures of the key variables in the study. In conclusion, this report investigated whether poor sleep quality and disordered eating (binge-eating and night-time eating) were associated with high BMI and whether high BMI and disordered eating were associated with higher scores of poor sleep quality. The findings indicate that poor sleep quality and binge-eating (but not night-time eating) were positively associated with high BMI and high BMI and night-time eating (but not binge-eating) were positively associated with overall poor sleep quality. These findings provide useful implications for future research and for individuals’ health behaviours.

A Wrinkle in Time :: essays research papers

Meg Murry - The book's heroine and protagonist, a homely, awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an adventure through time and space with her brother and her friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe. Meg's greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she channels and overcomes them, ultimately emerging victorious. A Wrinkle in Time is the story of Meg Murry, a high-school-aged girl who is transported on an adventure through time and space with her younger brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin O'Keefe to rescue her father, a gifted scientist, from the evil forces that hold him prisoner on another planet. At the beginning of the book, Meg is a homely, awkward, but loving girl, troubled by personal insecurities and her concern for her father, who has been missing for over a year. The plot begins with the arrival of Mrs. Whatsit at the Murry house on a dark and stormy evening. Although she looks like an eccentric tramp, she is actually a celestial creature with the ability to read Meg's thoughts. She startles Meg's mother by reassuring her of the existence of a tesseract--a sort of "wrinkle" in space and time. It is through this wrinkle that Meg and her companions will travel through the fifth dimension in search of Mr. Murry. On the afternoon following Mrs. Whatsit's visit, Meg and Charles Wallace walk over to Mrs. Whatsit's cabin. On the way, they meet Calvin O'Keefe, a popular boy in Meg's school whom Charles considers a kindred spirit. The three children learn from Mrs. Whatsit and her friends Mrs. Who and Mrs. Which that the universe is threatened by a great evil called the Dark Thing and taking the form of a giant cloud, engulfing the stars around it. Several planets have already succumbed to this evil force, including Camazotz, the planet on which Mr. Murry is imprisoned. The three Mrs. W's transport the children to Camazotz and instruct them to remain always in each other's company while on their quest for Mr. Murry. On Camazotz, all objects and places appear exactly alike because the whole planet must conform to the terrifying rhythmic pulsation of IT, a giant disembodied brain. Charles Wallace tries to fight IT with his exceptional intelligence but is overpowered by the evil and becomes a robot-like creature mouthing the words with which IT infuses him.

Swan Lake Comparative Essay

The timeless Swan Lake is today prized as one of the world's greatest and most renowned classical ballets to ever exist. For over one hundred years Swan Lake has been performed, adapted and rewritten innumerable times to enthrall a wide range of audiences all across the world. Whilst the foundation of how Swan Lake began and came to be is still, to some extent, unknown, it is widely believed that the production was originally choreographed by Julius Resigned with the accompaniment of celebrated Russian composer Russian Tchaikovsky for the musical score.It was first resented as The Lake of the Swans by the Ballet of the Moscow Imperial Abolish Theatre in 1877 in Moscow, Russia. Brash Judgment and calamitous reviews were passed upon this production and in turn, most ballet companies today now establish their staging both choreographically and musically on the revival created by Marcus Petite and Level Vivian, which opened in 1895. Seen through the eyes of millions, countless variations of Swan Lake have been created since its original formation in 1877.One of the most recognized recreations is the Swan Lake modernized by the hieroglyphic genius Grange Murphy and presented by the illustrious Australian Ballet Company in 2002. A spiraling love triangle between the changeable Prince Siegfried, a delicate Dotted and an alluring Baroness von Rotate, Grange Murphy's adaptation of Swan Lake is one to rival most others around the world. Although rewritten countless times, the original plot of Swan Lake follows the tale of the young Princess Dotted, who, under the spell of an evil sorcerer interchanges between a swan and a beautiful young woman.Prince Siegfried, a young man of 21 and soon to e married, stumbles across a lake of beautiful swans whilst on a hunting trip. He discovers through the Swan Queen, Dotted that the evil sorcerer had cast an enchantment on many beautiful girls to turn them into swans, and the tears of their grieving parents had formed the lake. Soon after, Prince Siegfried falls madly in love with Dotted. She reveals to him that the only way the spell could be broken is if a man, pure in heart, pledges his everlasting love to her.This angers the evil enchantress Baroness Von Rotate, and she manipulates Prince Siegfried into infesting his love to Doodle, a girl posing as Dotted and so happens to be Von Rotator's daughter. Dismayed and with a broken heart, Dotted throws herself into the lake, followed by Prince Siegfried who was horrified by his mistake. Together their spirits ascend into the heavens above Swan Lake. Grange Murphy's adaptation breathes new life into the classic Swan Lake by taking a realistic and modernized approach, twisting it in with sensual fantasy and warped spectacle.These themes, combined with others such as betrayal, instability, depression and confusion deviate room the fantasy world seen in the original production and take precedence over the linear narrative of Swan Lake to construct a realistic repres entation that is relatable to audiences all across the world. Murphy's variation of Swan Lake revisits the story of Dotted; the young and naive lover of Prince Siegfried who she is to be married to. After a series of events, Dotted is driven insane by his overpowering infatuation with Baroness Von Rotate.She is then committed to a sanatorium where her emotional damage is irreversible. This is perceived through a range of striking, fragmented events that are seemingly impulsive and uncontrollable. A number of visions are seen through the eyes of the mentally unbalanced Dotted, including a heart shattering pas De deuce between herself and Prince Siegfried, where she appears as a feeble, broken swan and tries to escape his grasp. This is soon followed by an encounter with Baroness Von Rotate, who walks past the window of her enclosed room, arm in arm with the Prince.After much deceit and changeability, the Prince realizes his heart truly belongs to Dotted and tries to find her once mor e, but it is all n vain as Dotted has committed suicide, descending gracefully into the lake, clothed in a long dress. This modern variation, through exploiting the themes of love, loss and desperation maintains an emotional connection to the audience while still fabricating a strong production to be an escape for the audience to enjoy.Grange Murphy made further alterations to the traditional Swan Lake to push the boundaries of contemporary ballet, a style of dance that has recently arisen in the 20th century, incorporating both modern dance and classical ballet. This was flawlessly achieved y Murphy through his involvement in the Sydney Dance Company. The movements used are fundamental to the storyline of Swan Lake as Murphy has staged it to be predominantly driven by romance. He utilizes elements of daring floor work, suspenseful lifts and fluid motions to create a ministering and expressive work of art.In appreciation of classical ballet, many graceful leaps and lifts are used, i ndicative of the traditional swan's fragility. In contrast to this, the scene where Dotted becomes is driven insane wing for the attention Prince Siegfried wild, harassing movements are used, strongly channeling contemporary dance. This is again seen in the imagined fantasy duet between Dotted and Prince Siegfried, when she is locked in the sanatorium. This duet includes variations of movements associated with classical ballet by upside-down grand rondo De Jamb, parallel retires pirouettes and large, sweeping movements.In recognition to the original Swan Lake, Murphy's adaptation still follows the vital elements of the production, including the corps De ballet of graceful swans and a number of unchanged repertoire pieces. The tagging of Grange Murphy's Swan Lake is an astounding construction of visual and aural components to be the driving force behind his modern interpretation. He gives his story a fresh edge by using the original Tchaikovsky score, as recorded by Richard Bonged, r ather than the well-known Richard Dried arrangement that most ballet companies use today when performing Swan Lake.This was a subliminal device used to link the contemporary production back to its foundations. The sets used in Murphy's production are unrivalled. The lake is always present, either in full view or just beyond a foreground interior. In Part 1, it is a fragile, natural spectacle, in Part 2 it is a pool of brooding tranquility and in Part 3 it finishes as a black receptacle of ultimate heartbreak and tragedy. The sanatorium is a minimalist environment- cold, intimidating and antidemocratic.The space used for this scene is small and enclosed limiting movement and in turn, making them more effective. The impeccable costuming influenced by Edwardian times creates a contrast between the traditional Swan lake that focuses it's costuming around the middle ages and drives the narrative forward with repeated motifs. Deist's enormous flowing white wedding dress is one of the most memorable costume devices used, with it hinting at a division between Prince Siegfried and Dotted.

Compare an article from both a tabloid newspaper Essay Example

Compare an article from both a tabloid newspaper Essay Example Compare an article from both a tabloid newspaper Paper Compare an article from both a tabloid newspaper Paper As part of my media coursework I am going to compare an article from both a tabloid newspaper and a broadsheet newspaper. In preparation for this piece of coursework I studied an article about a rugby match that occurred Saturday 9th of May 1998, the papers were then written on Sunday the 10th of May, the subject was based in the Sunday Mirror and the report was on page 61, whereas the broadsheet newspaper the Sunday Times sport Supplement the subject was on the front page, the rugby match was the final of the Tetleys bitter cup so this was a very important match for both teams. The layout of the broadsheet is extremely different to that of the tabloid paper, the broadsheet paper has fifty percent of it filled with a picture, there is a small part with the two teams names and the score at full time, it also shows which individuals scored the points, there is a huge bold print which runs along the page, the rest is a complete match report. I think that all this is important to the reader because the reader will obviously be a fan of rugby and they will want to know what has happened in the match, there is a huge match report which tells us what happened from start to finish, it is very informative. One part of the layout which I find to be very important is the huge bold print, I think that this bold print is included so that it catches any passing eyes; I think that that is also why the picture is there, the picture is so big that you can hardly miss it. The type of person that buys this paper will be very interested in rugby and would enjoy reading the full match report. The layout of the tabloid is very different because it is very small; it just simply has the score in bold print and a few paragraphs and explains what happened in the match very brief, it also has a title but it is also very small. The tabloid paper is not showing this match to be as important as the broadsheet; it doesnt explain the match as graphically as the broadsheet this may be because this paper may not concentrate on rugby as much as the other paper. The people who buy this paper may not be as interested in rugby as the people that buy the broadsheet paper. The photograph used in the broadsheet newspaper is very important as it catches the readers eye and it will make the paper look more interesting to the reader would want to refer back to the picture, the photograph used is a large one it shows seven or eight fighting towards glory they are all on the floor trying to get the ball, their facial expressions are shown as if they are concentrating on winning the match, one looks angry, others look confused as if they cant see where the ball is. We can also tell what the weather was like at the time because we can see shadows on the grass; this means that it was a pleasant, sunny day. We can also see the misery in one of the players faces because the opposing team has scored a point. Having no photograph in the tabloid paper will mean the no-one will really want to pick it up to read because there is absolutely nothing to attract any rugby fans, the extract looks plain and boring to any fans as they would expect to see a nice long report with a nice picture the tabloid has none of these. Although the tabloid paper has no photo it may be better for some people, the type of person that doesnt want to read a huge long report, they might just want the key points. The main headline in the broadsheet paper reads FINAL FLING this is obviously talking about the final move of the match; it basically describes what we can see in the picture. It is printed in large white bold letters which stands out from the dark background; this is so that it catches peoples eyes and makes the article look more interesting. When a potential reader sees this paper they will want to pick it up because of the eye catching headline in the bold print. The main headline in the tabloid newspaper reads Lynagh cruises to glory this headline is talking about a specific player, this player must have been the man who won the game for his team, or he may be the captain, anyways he must of played the lead role in the game or else his name would not be printed as the headline. The headline is in rather small black writing and is very small compared to the broadsheet paper. This type of headline wouldnt have much of an effect as it is quite small and I dont think that it would stand out from other papers if you were walking past it. When we read the broadsheet newspaper, not only do we get information about this specific game but we also get some information about previous happenings such as the teams history it says that the Saracens had matched a previous record for a cup final already set by Bath in 1990, it says that the Saracens would win the cherished double if they win there next game, there is then three or four columns explaining what happened in the match, it gives detailed description and makes the game sound really exciting, he found is path blocked as he sniped into midfield, swivelled on his heel and delivered a perfect diagonal kick into touch deep in the Wasps 22. I have highlighted the descriptive words of this sentence because I think that they make it sound very realistic and makes it seem as if you are actually watching the match. The paper also shows all the details for both teams, it shows the substitutions, when they went on and off, it shows the scorers in a separate part, it shows the referees name and where hes from and it also shows the attendance for the match. There was also some points about some of the players as individuals, flipped the ball inside to Sella. Sella, with it all to do, went steaming all the way through the remnants of the cover, in this short sentence this players name has been mentioned twice this means that the paper regarded him as a key player in the Saracens win. The overall effect of this is very good to somebody who enjoys rugby and will want to know absolutely everything which happened in the match, and this broadsheet paper provides all this. The tabloid newspaper gives very limited information about the game it sometimes tells us about the players but this is scarce. The paper also gives us the score but that is it, this information just gives the main pints of the game and nothing more. The language used in the broadsheet article is once again completely different compared to the language used in the tabloid article; the broadsheet article uses lots of descriptive words to describe the match and a hot Twickenham afternoon, a devastating performance by the Saracens, I think that this adds a feel to the broadsheet article and it would be very dull to read if there wasnt descriptive words included, all these descriptive words that are in the broadsheet article add an atmosphere and an excitement to reading the broadsheet. Although it doesnt have as many descriptive words as the broadsheet newspaper the tabloid article still includes some descriptive phrases such as; signed off in style to send the sizzling Saracens storming to cup glory. This is a ************** and it makes the sentence sound more dramatic and makes the reader want to read more. I think that the tabloid article uses more dramas tic descriptive words than the broadsheet; once again this makes the article a lot more entertaining to read. There is a lot of speculation in the broadsheet article before the writer starts commentating on the match he says such things as there seemed just a chance before the match that Wasps, the fresher side, would save their season with a mighty one-off the writer includes this to make it sound like the Wasps could of beaten the Saracens but they didnt. The writer of the tabloid article does not speculate things because he is concentrating on what happens in the game and not around it, he only writes about what happened for the eighty minutes, this makes the tabloid article a lot shorter than the broadsheet paper. The broadsheet newspaper is obviously aimed at avid rugby union fans, due to the length of the article, you can also tell that it was written by an expert on rugby union due to the history that was included on both the teams and the players, he commented on retirements, injuries, positions, this proved that Stephen Jones was an expert. The tabloid paper differs a great deal it is aimed at a more open minded person who likes all sport because it is short and snappy, it sticks to the point and it is accurate about the key points, he also tells us about the record which the Saracens had equalled. The article which I would prefer to read would be the tabloid article to a certain extent, I would firstly choose this one because I am not highly interested in rugby but due to the game being the final of the cup then I would definitely read the match report on it, but I would also like to read the broadsheet newspaper because it goes into a lot more detail and explains the match a lot better, it would also give me a chance to learn a few points on rugby. The broadsheet would only be of use to somebody who firstly enjoys rugby and secondly likes to read about it, a person who doesnt like rugby will not want to read about it because they might find it boring. The tabloid article would be enjoyed by people who dont particularly like rugby but dont mind it so they would read this one, but to a keen supporter of rugby the tabloid paper would be of no use as they would find it too short and not explained in enough detail.

Labor Unions And Nursing Essays - Trade Unions In The United States

Labor Unions And Nursing Essays - Trade Unions In The United States Labor Unions And Nursing The American Labor movement in the United States has a history dating back to the beginnings of the industrial revolution. Its existence is due to poor working conditions and exploitation during the beginning of that time. Labor unions have had a long history of using their most powerful weapon, strikes, to fight their battles. Even today, with the diminishing numbers of union members, strikes appear in the news sporadically. History of Labor Unions The first strike is thought to be by printers in Philadelphia in 1786 (Maidment, 1997). Working conditions, pay and benefits were so poor, leaders in the southern United States used them to justify slavery. Their contention was that slaves were treated better than the workers were in the North. (Maidment, 1997) Unions attempt to rectify poor working conditions, pay and benefits through collective bargaining. An individual has very little power when negotiating with an employer, however many individuals, collectively have the power to achieve results through bargaining and negotiating. The ultimate bargaining tool that the collective bargaining unit has is the right to strike. Strikes The United States has the most violent and bloodiest labor history of any industrialized country (Foner, Garraty, 1991). In 1850, police killed two New York tailors while attempting to disperse strikers. These were the first of over seven hundred documented caused by strike-related violence. In 1913, National Guardsmen attacked striking Colorado miners known as the Ludlow Massacre. In 1937, police killed Ten Chicago steelworkers during a strike, which came to be known as the Memorial Day Massacre. More commonly, though, strike related deaths are attributed to lessor known confrontations. Strikes in the United States are generally linked to the business cycle. Strikes are more common when unemployment is low with the lowest strike rate being during the Great Depression. The first American strikes in the late 1700s and early 1800s were by shoemakers, printers, and carpenters led by their trade societies and were generally effective because of the limited labor pool skilled in those trades. The strikers simply refused to work until their pay demands were met. The strikes were generally short, peaceful and successful. Successful litigation by employers inhibited the spread of these strikes and the trade societies. After an economic upturn in the 1820s, strike activity was revived. Throughout the 1800s, strike activity continued to wax and wane based on economic conditions. Women participated in strikes as early as the 1820s. After the Civil War, the labor movement started to more closely resemble todays labor movement. In order to discourage strikes, instead of unilaterally setting wages and striking, unions started negotiating with employers, addressing wages, work rules, hours and grievances. This method of arbitration led to binding contracts between the collective bargaining units and the employers. The Knights of Labor, the most important labor organization of the 1800s, discouraged strikes. Mediation Union leaders, particularly those in the craft unions affiliated with the American Federation of Labor (AFL), continued to question the efficacy of strikes in the early 1900s. Instead of strikes, the craft unions turned to private mediation groups to help settle disputes. In mediation, the third party assists the negotiators in their discussions and also suggests settlement proposals. (Mathis, Jackson, 2000) An expansion of the union movement was created by four years of depression in the 1930s. The violent strikes by autoworkers, truckers, longshoremen and textile workers in 1934 sparked the passage of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA). The NLRA is the law governing relations between unions and employers in the private sector. It guarantees the right of employees to organize and to bargain collectively with employers. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent federal agency created by Congress, which administers the NLRA. Under the direction of the NLRB, strikes continued in the 1940s (after WWII) and while some were very long, most were peaceful. The NLRB saw to it that employers who were legally obligated to bargain with unions, did so. In addition, strikers were given legal protection. In the 1950s the number of strikes dropped sharply, as the relationships between unions and employers became more predictable. The 1960s saw a rise in public employee strikes (teachers, transit workers and other local government workers) and in 1970,

Johnnie walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Johnnie walker - Essay Example It can be firmly admitted that the brand has been serving not only as the symbol of progress but its logo â€Å"Striding?Man† and its slogan â€Å"Keep?Walking†?has also been viewed to be a supporter of progress as well as analogous to great achievement. The creation of brand actually was the idea of John Walker who was born in Scotland at Todriggs Farm in Ayrshire in the year 1805. Since its incorporation, Johnnie Walker has been able to establish itself as the world’s most prominent Scotch whisky brand (Association of Canadian Advertisers, 2011). Correspondingly, this paper intends to conduct the SWOT analysis of Johnnie Walker and further attempts to identify the inherent problems to its strategic behaviour in order to draw derive rational solutions for the identified issues. SWOT (Acronym: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) Analysis Strengths According to Corporate Watch UK (2005), Johnnie Walker is the world’s leading spirit brand. Reportedl y, Johnnie Walker is considered as the most valuable and respected global brand. The legacy and heritage connected with the brand can be reflected as one of its major strengths. Taking virtues of its legacy and strong brand promotion, the brand has been able to continuously build is brand equity globally. At the same time, it has been able to generate substantial revenue across the global market. One of the potential strengths of the brand can thus be attributed to increasing demand for its products such as The Gold Reserve and Blue Label, which are perceived to be the most popular in all its market of operation. Another major strength is accredited to its attention given to all the class of the people. The brand offers products to not only premium customers, but it also focuses on middle-income customers who have the increasing desire for premium spirit. Notably, not only the men but women in the Asian country are also attracted towards experiencing the value offered by Johnnie Wal ker to its discriminating consumers. Furthermore, its revolutionary advertising strategies have proven to be much effective and unique from competitors existing in the same market of its operations adding to its brand differentiation strategies. Evidently, by offering wide range of product categories at various price points along with high product quality, it has been able to attract both younger and older consumers. Nonetheless, its innovative advertising campaign has proven to be milestone for the brand to retain its customers and simultaneously, attain tremendous growth in all the markets of its operations (Mongay & et. al., 2012). Weaknesses One of the potential weaknesses associated with the brand can be attributed with its nature of business. Correspondingly, the brand primarily deals with alcoholic products, which is considered to have serious impacts on the health of its consumers and therefore raises a certain degree of moral weakness for the company. Although, it claims to produce Scotch whisky at reasonable price that can be consumed by middle-income consumers, but it is generally involved in manufacturing premium products that may adversely influence the purchasing decision of the middle-income people also causing sustainability issues for the company. At the same time, increasing cost of production can also be viewed as the potential wea

Health Care Policies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Care Policies - Assignment Example Domestic violence act protects one against one from abuse. Domestic violence is behaviors that one has with the aim of achieving control of other partners. Domestic violence in a society can include several activities that require one to be protected from. Abuse can include physical attacks which can come through sexual relationships that are forced, harassment and verbal abuse with demeaning comments, threats, creating a disturbance at one's territory, spying on one and child abuse. When these activities occur in a place, there are actions and policies that can be used to take action for those that perfume the acts. Domestic violence can be controlled in different ways in different types of courts. In criminal courts, the state is able to arraign the abuser (Greer, 2009). Possible crimes that can be handled in these situations include murder, rape, kidnapping, assault and elder abuse. In civil courts, one is able to address the issues that occur due to harassment and money damages. In the court, one can be held responsible for personal injury and sexual harassment. Divorce and family courts are also used to protect from domestic violence. Court Order of Protection is a policy that has been put protects again domestic violence. The policy makes the special need of one that has been abused to be addressed. The policy is able to order the abuser to stay away from the one abused and prevent contact through phone email or mail (Greer, 2009). For the policy to be applied there must be proof that there was the intention of violence. These are legal rights that govern reproduction. Reproduction rights include the right to birth control, right to safe and legal abortion, freedom of contraception and sterilization and also the right to access reproductive health care of good quality. Reproductive rights also give one the opportunity to access education on matters that concern sex and the infections that occur.